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| bonmgt.com | North America | Central America | South America | Languages of the Americas | Indigenous-peoples-of-the-Americas | Archaeology of the Americas | Population history of American indigenous peoples |
The Americas
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The Americas commonly refers to the lands of the Western hemisphere,
consisting of the continents of North America and South America with
their associated islands and regions. The term is a relatively recent, less ambiguous alternative to the term America, which may refer to either the entire landmass or the United States of America. The former, and original, usage to describe what is sometimes considered a single continent or super continent is deprecated for clarity, for which the Americas is used to collectively refer to the landmass and various regions of it. When used to describe a single landmass, analogous terms to America or (the) Americas are Eurasia, which consists of Europe and Asia collectively, and Eurafrasia, which is Eurasia and Africa. |
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The earliest known use of the name America for the greater landmass
dates from 1507. It appears on a globe and a large map created by
the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller in Saint-Dié-des-Vosges.
An accompanying book, Cosmographiae Introductio, explains that the
name was derived from the Latinized version of the explorer Amerigo
Vespucci's name, Americus Vespucius, in its feminine form, America,
as the other continents all have Latin feminine names. However, as
Dr. Basil Cottle (Author, Dictionary of Surnames, 1967) points out,
new countries or continents are never named after a person's first
name, always after their second name. Thus, America should really
have become Vespucci Land or Vespuccia if the Italian explorer
really gave his name to the newly discovered continent. Christopher
Columbus, who had first brought the continents' existence to the
attention of Renaissance era voyagers, had died in 1506 (believing,
to the end, that he'd discovered and conquered part of India) and
could not protest Waldseemüller's decision. A few alternative theories regarding the landmass' naming have been proposed, but none of them has achieved any widespread acceptance. One alternative first proposed by a Bristol antiquary and naturalist, Alfred Hudd, was that America is derived from Richard Amerike, a merchant from Bristol, who is believed to have financed John Cabot's voyage of discovery from England to Newfoundland in 1497. Supposedly, Bristol fishermen had been visiting the coast of North America for at least a century before Columbus' voyage and Waldseemüller's maps are alleged to incorporate information from the early English journeys to North America. The theory holds that a variant of Amerike's name appeared on an early English map (of which however no copies survive) and that this was the true inspiration for Waldseemüller. Another theory, first advanced by Jules Marcou in 1875 and later recounted by novelist Jan Carew, is that the name America derives from the district of Amerrique in Nicaragua. The gold-rich district of Amerrique was purportedly visited by both Vespucci and Columbus, for whom the name became synonymous with gold. According to Marcou, Vespucci later applied the name to the New World, and even changed the spelling of his own name from Alberigo to Amerigo to reflect the importance of the discovery. Vespucci's role in the naming issue, like his exploratory activity, is unclear and most probably a tale. Some sources say that he was unaware of the widespread use of his name to refer to the new landmass. Others hold that he promulgated a story that he had made a secret voyage westward and sighted land in 1491, a year before Columbus. If he did indeed make such claims, they backfired, and only served to prolong the ongoing debate on whether the "Indies" were really a new land, or just an extension of Asia. |
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| bonmgt.com | North America | Central America | South America | Languages of the Americas | Indigenous-peoples-of-the-Americas | Archaeology of the Americas | Population history of American indigenous peoples |