North America
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North America is a continent in the Earth's northern hemisphere and
almost fully in the western hemisphere, bordered on the north by the
Arctic Ocean, on the east by the North Atlantic Ocean, on the
southeast by the Caribbean Sea, and on the south and west by the
North Pacific Ocean; South America lies to the southeast. It covers
an area of about 24,480,000 square kilometers (9,450,000 sq mi), or
about 4.8% of the planet's surface. As of July 2002, its population
was estimated at more than 514,000,000. It is the third largest
continent in area, after Asia and Africa, and is fourth in
population after Asia, Africa, and Europe. North America is a
continent in the Earth's northern hemisphere and almost fully in the
western hemisphere, bordered on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on
the east by the North Atlantic Ocean, on the southeast by the
Caribbean Sea, and on the south and west by the North Pacific Ocean;
South America lies to the southeast. It covers an area of about
24,480,000 square kilometers (9,450,000 sq mi), or about 4.8% of the
planet's surface. As of July 2002, its population was estimated at
more than 514,000,000. It is the third largest continent in area,
after Asia and Africa, and is fourth in population after Asia,
Africa, and Europe. |
A number of theories exist regarding the naming of North and
South America. The most widely recognized is that they are named
after Amerigo Vespucci, who was the first European to suggest that
the Americas were not the East Indies, but a New World, previously
undiscovered by Europeans. The second and less generally accepted is
that the continents are named after an English merchant named
Richard Amerike from Bristol, who is believed to have financed John
Cabot's voyage of discovery from England to Newfoundland in 1497. A
third theory that has been advanced is that America was named for a
Spanish sailor bearing the ancient Visigothic name of 'Amairick'.
North America occupies the northern portion of the landmass
generally referred to as the New World, the Western Hemisphere, the
Americas, or simply America. North America's only land connection is
to South America at the narrow Isthmus of Panama. (For geopolitical
reasons, all of Panama – including the segment east of the Panama
Canal in the isthmus – is often considered a part of North America
alone.) According to some authorities, North America begins not at
the Isthmus of Panama but at the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, with the
intervening region called Central America (or Middle America if the
Caribbean is included) and resting on the Caribbean Plate.
The continental coastline is long and irregular. With the exception
of the Gulf of Mexico, Hudson Bay is by far the largest body of
water indenting the continent; others include the Gulf of Saint
Lawrence and the Gulf of California. There are numerous islands off
the continent’s coasts: principally, the Arctic Archipelago, the
Greater and Lesser Antilles, the Alexander Archipelago, and the
Aleutian Islands. Greenland, a Danish self-governing island and the
world's largest, is part of North America geographically and on the
same tectonic plate (the North American Plate) but is not considered
to be part of the continent politically. The vast majority of North
America is on the North American Plate. Parts of California and
western Mexico form the partial edge of the Pacific Plate, with the
two plates meeting along the San Andreas fault.
The continent can be divided into four great regions (each of which
contains many sub-regions): the Great Plains stretching from the
Gulf of Mexico to the Canadian Arctic; the geologically young,
mountainous west, including the Rocky Mountains, the Great Basin,
California and Alaska; the raised but relatively flat plateau of the
Canadian Shield in the northeast; and the varied eastern region,
which includes the Appalachian Mountains, the coastal plain along
the Atlantic seaboard, and the Florida peninsula. Mexico, with its
long plateaus and cordilleras, falls largely in the western region,
although the eastern coastal plain does extend south along the Gulf.
The western mountains are split in the middle, into the main range
of the Rockies and the coast ranges in California, Oregon,
Washington, and British Columbia with the Great Basin – a lower area
containing smaller ranges and low-lying deserts – in between. The
highest peak is Denali in Alaska. The United States Geographical
Survey states that the geographic center of North America is “6
miles west of Balta, Pierce County, North Dakota” at approximately
48⁰ 10′ North, 100⁰ 10′ West, approximately 25km from Rugby, North
Dakota. The USGS further states that “No marked or monumental point
has been established by any government agency as the geographic
center of either the 50 States, the conterminous United States, or
the North American continent.” Nonetheless, there is a 4.5 meter (15
foot) field stone obelisk in Rugby claiming to mark the center. The
vast majority of North America is on the North American Plate. Parts
of California and western Mexico form the partial edge of the
Pacific Plate, with the two plates meeting along the San Andreas
fault.
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